Hari Raya Puasa 2025: Muhammadiyah vs Government & Sidang Isbat
Few dates in the Indonesian calendar stir as much planning — and as much friendly debate — as Hari Raya Puasa. In 2025, the usual guessing game ended in agreement: Muhammadiyah fixed 1 Syawal 1446 H on Monday, 31 March 2025, and the government’s sidang isbat announced the same date, resulting in a single, stable holiday.
Government Hari Raya 2025: Monday, 31 March 2025 (Detik news) ·
Muhammadiyah 1 Syawal: 31 March 2025 (Liputan6 news) ·
Sidang isbat: 29 March 2025 (Kontan daily) ·
Ramadan start: 1 March 2025 (Detik news) ·
Fasting period: 30 days ·
Holiday & joint leave: 1-4 April 2025
Quick snapshot
- Muhammadiyah set 1 Syawal 1446 H on Monday, 31 March 2025 (Liputan6 news)
- The government announced the same date after the isbat (Detik news)
- Pre-isbat, a Detik report said the government weighed 31 March or 1 April (Detik news)
- The official result depended on the hilal report heard at the session (Kontan daily)
- Muhammadiyah fixed its date before the government’s isbat (Liputan6 news)
- Kemenag signaled the result would likely match (Kontan daily)
- National holiday and joint leave for Idul Fitri run 1-4 April 2025 (2026 Hari Raya Puasa)
- Next year’s cycle depends on fresh calculation and sighting (2026 Hari Raya Puasa)
Five official facts, one pattern: the date settled early, the hearing confirmed it, and the country went into Eid with a single calendar.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Holiday | Hari Raya Idul Fitri (Eid al-Fitr) |
| Hijri date | 1 Syawal 1446 H |
| Gregorian date | Monday, 31 March 2025 (Detik news) |
| Government announcement | 31 March 2025 (Detik news) |
| Muhammadiyah | 31 March 2025 (Liputan6 news) |
| Nahdlatul Ulama | Reportedly 31 March 2025 (UMSU faculty article) |
| Sidang isbat | Evening of 29 March 2025 (Kontan daily) |
| Ramadan start | 1 March 2025 (Detik news) |
| Fasting period | 30 days, 1-30 March 2025 |
| Primary context | Indonesia |
When is Hari Raya Idul Fitri 1446 Hijriah?
Ask any Muslim in Indonesia for the date of Lebaran 2025 and the answer should be the same: Monday, 31 March 2025. In some earlier years, Muhammadiyah and the government ended up a day apart; in 2025 they did not (Detik news).
The short answer
- Eid al-Fitr 2025: Monday, 31 March 2025 (Detik news)
- Hijri date: 1 Syawal 1446 H
- Authorities in agreement: Muhammadiyah, the government, and Nahdlatul Ulama (Liputan6 news, UMSU faculty article)
The holiday closes the month of Ramadan and opens Shawwal, the tenth month of the Islamic calendar. In Indonesia, the state date decides public holidays, while organizational dates decide when most mosques hold the Eid prayer — which is why the 2025 agreement mattered on both levels.
The pattern: in 2025, the usual multi-date guessing game collapsed into a single Monday.
What is the equivalent Gregorian date?
- 1 Syawal 1446 H: 31 March 2025
- Day of the week: Monday (Detik news)
- Public holiday window: 1-4 April 2025
The Islamic calendar is lunar, so each year runs about 11 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar and Eid moves earlier on the Western calendar. For Indonesian Muslims, that places the entire fasting month in March 2025, with the celebration landing on the final day of the month.
What this means: the Gregorian date keeps drifting, but the religious rhythm — Ramadan then Eid — stays fixed, which is precisely why an official determination is needed every year.
When is Hari Raya Idul Fitri according to Muhammadiyah in 2025?
Muhammadiyah, one of Indonesia’s largest Islamic organizations, settled its answer before the government even convened its hearing.
Muhammadiyah’s date is deterministic: the same astronomical calculation gives the same result every year, with no moon-sighting committee required (Liputan6 news).
How does Muhammadiyah determine the date?
- Method: hisab (astronomical calculation) with the wujudul hilal criterion (Detik news)
- Criterion: the new moon (hilal) is considered to exist if it is above the horizon at sunset, so the new month begins the following day
- Consequence: the calendar can be fixed long in advance, without waiting for a human sighting
Wujudul hilal is a school of calculation that treats the mathematical possibility of seeing the crescent as sufficient to start the month. Because it does not depend on weather or witnesses, Muhammadiyah can publish its full Ramadan-to-Eid calendar early and stick to it.
The implication: when the sky is cloudy or the moon is hard to spot, Muhammadiyah’s calendar does not change — the math already made the decision.
What date does Muhammadiyah set for Idul Fitri 2025?
- 1 Ramadhan 1446 H: Saturday, 1 March 2025 (Detik news)
- 1 Syawal 1446 H: Monday, 31 March 2025 (Detik news)
- Fasting count: 30 full days
Muhammadiyah’s central board (PP Muhammadiyah) announced both dates in one official calendar release, and the organization held to that calendar even as the government’s isbat approached (Liputan6 news).
What this means: Muhammadiyah’s 31 March was not a prediction or a rumor — it was a published decision, made months ahead and never revised.
When is Hari Raya Idul Fitri according to the government?
The government’s date is the one that officially matters for public holidays, school calendars, and the national mudik travel season.
What is the government’s announced date for 2025?
- Official Eid date: Monday, 31 March 2025 (Detik news)
- Decision process: sidang isbat held on 29 March 2025 (Kontan daily)
- Advance signal: the Ministry of Religious Affairs expected the result to match Muhammadiyah (Kontan daily)
When the ministry announced the result, the country got a rare gift: full alignment with the organization that had already fixed its calendar. Nahdlatul Ulama also ended on the same Monday, according to a UMSU faculty article.
With the ministry, Muhammadiyah, and NU on one date, families, employers and airlines could plan around a single national peak — no “Lebaran beda” scramble in 2025.
The trade-off: the government’s method is deliberately slower — it waits for a live hearing — but its authority is what turns a calculated date into a binding public holiday.
How is the government’s date determined?
- Method: rukyat (moon sighting reports) combined with hisab (astronomical calculations) (Kontan daily)
- Hearing: the isbat reviews testimony from witnesses across Indonesia before deciding
- Outcome: one official date for the entire country
The dual method means the government rarely commits early. It waits for the 29th day of Ramadan, hears what the sky actually showed, checks it against the calculations, and then announces. In 2025, the hearing’s conclusion matched what Muhammadiyah had already published (Detik news).
Why this matters: the state’s caution is a strength, not a flaw — by waiting for evidence, it preserves the rukyat tradition while keeping the calendar predictable.
When is the isbat session for Idul Fitri 2025?
The sidang isbat is the most-watched religious meeting of the Ramadan calendar: a single evening hearing that determines the official Eid.
What is an isbat session?
- Definition: a formal determination meeting led by the Ministry of Religious Affairs on the 29th day of Ramadan (Kontan daily)
- Purpose: to hear moon-sighting testimony and compare it with astronomical calculations
- Output: the official 1 Syawal decision, binding for state holidays
The word “isbat” means determination or confirmation. The session gives one authoritative answer for the whole country, rather than leaving each region to follow its own local sighting.
The catch: the isbat is the one step where weather can override arithmetic — which is why the government never commits to a date before the hearing.
When was the isbat session for Idul Fitri 2025 held?
- Date: Saturday evening, 29 March 2025 (Kontan daily)
- Venue: Ministry of Religious Affairs office, Jakarta (UMSU faculty article)
- Pre-session status: a Detik report stated the government was weighing 31 March or 1 April (Detik news)
In the end, the hearing resolved the last open question: the hilal reports supported the calculation, and 1 Syawal was set for Monday, 31 March, in line with Muhammadiyah (Detik news). The decision ended weeks of speculation and avoided the day-long split Indonesia has seen in earlier years.
What this means: the 2025 isbat did what a confirmation hearing should do — it verified the math instead of contradicting it.
Is it permissible to fast on 1 Shawwal?
With Eid fixed on 31 March, a practical religious question follows: is fasting allowed on that same day?
What is the Islamic ruling on fasting on the day of Eid al-Fitr?
- Ruling: fasting on 1 Shawwal is forbidden (haram)
- Basis: the Prophet prohibited fasting on Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, a ruling recorded in the hadith collections of Bukhari and Muslim
- Reason: the day is set aside for celebration, charity, and the Eid prayer
The prohibition is consistent across the major Sunni schools, so the rule does not change with the calendar method. The day after Ramadan is a festival, and Islamic law does not turn festivals into fast days.
Are there any exceptions?
- Qada (make-up) fasts: some scholars permit replacing missed Ramadan days on 1 Shawwal, but caution against fasting on a celebration day
- Voluntary fasts: not allowed on Eid day itself
- Practical position: begin qada fasts from 2 Shawwal to avoid any dispute
Anyone who missed fasting days during Ramadan — women who were menstruating, travelers, or people who were ill — should make them up later in Shawwal. Starting on 2 Syawal keeps the make-up obligation valid and the festival day intact.
Confirm 1 Syawal with your local authority before planning qada fasts. The prohibition applies to the day your community actually celebrates — and in 2025, that day is 31 March across most of Indonesia.
Why this matters: with the whole country on one date in 2025, there is no ambiguity about which day is the festival — and no excuse for fasting on it.
Three authorities, one date — the 2025 comparison shows how different methods converged on the same Monday:
| Authority | Method | 1 Syawal 1446 H | How the decision landed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Muhammadiyah | Hisab — wujudul hilal (astronomical calculation) | 31 March 2025 (Liputan6 news) | Announced ahead of the isbat; no sighting report needed |
| Government (Kemenag) | Rukyat + hisab, settled at the sidang isbat | 31 March 2025 (Detik news) | Weighed 31 March vs 1 April, then confirmed 31 March (Detik news) |
| Nahdlatul Ulama | Follows the government’s isbat result | Reportedly 31 March 2025 (UMSU faculty article) | Aligned with the state decision after the announcement |
Ramadan to Eid: The 2025 Timeline
Four milestones, one through-line: calculation, hearing, announcement, and celebration all fit into a single month — with no second round of ambiguity.
| Date | Event | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| 1 March 2025 | 1 Ramadhan 1446 H begins (Detik news) | Fasting starts on 1 March, the date Muhammadiyah set for the month’s first day |
| 29 March 2025, evening | Sidang isbat for 1 Syawal 1446 H (Kontan daily) | Kemenag hears hilal reports and issues the official Eid date (UMSU faculty article) |
| 31 March 2025 | 1 Syawal 1446 H / Hari Raya Puasa (Detik news) | Government, Muhammadiyah, and NU celebrate on the same Monday (UMSU faculty article) |
| 1-4 April 2025 | National holiday and joint leave for Idul Fitri | The public break lets families complete mudik and celebrations |
The pattern: the entire sequence — calculation, hearing, announcement, celebration — compressed into 31 days, and the state’s date never diverged from the organizations’ date.
What’s Confirmed — and What Was Unclear
Most of the 2025 Eid calendar was settled early. Only a narrow window of uncertainty remained before the isbat.
Confirmed facts
- Muhammadiyah set 1 Syawal 1446 H on Monday, 31 March 2025 (Liputan6 news)
- The sidang isbat was held on 29 March 2025 at the Ministry of Religious Affairs (Kontan daily)
- The government announced 31 March 2025, matching Muhammadiyah (Detik news)
- Nahdlatul Ulama joined the same date, according to a UMSU faculty article
What was unclear
- Before the isbat, the government’s date was still open — 31 March and 1 April were both under consideration (Detik news)
- If the hilal report had been rejected or absent, the official holiday could have shifted to 1 April
- In other countries, local moon-sighting criteria can still produce a different Eid date from Indonesia’s
- Future years, starting with 2026, depend on the next full cycle of calculation and sighting (2026 Hari Raya Puasa)
The balance: in 2025 the confirmed list won — the uncertain window closed on 29 March and the rest of the country planned around a single date.
What the Authorities Said
Muhammadiyah’s central board announced that 1 Ramadhan 1446 H falls on Saturday, 1 March 2025, and 1 Syawal 1446 H falls on Monday, 31 March 2025.
— PP Muhammadiyah, as reported by Liputan6 news
The Ministry of Religious Affairs scheduled the sidang isbat for 1 Syawal 1446 H on Saturday, 29 March 2025, and expected this year’s date to align with Muhammadiyah’s.
— Kemenag, as reported by Kontan daily
Following the isbat result, Nahdlatul Ulama’s position aligned with the government, placing Hari Raya on Monday, 31 March 2025.
— Nahdlatul Ulama, via a UMSU faculty article
The common thread: each authority took a different path — calculation, hearing, and organizational follow-through — yet all three reached the same Monday.
The Takeaway
The 2025 Hari Raya Puasa calendar settled the question early, and the consequence reaches well beyond one Monday. Because the government, Muhammadiyah, and Nahdlatul Ulama share 31 March, the entire preparation cycle — fasting schedules, school breaks, transport bookings, and mudik plans — can lock onto a single date. For Indonesian families planning mudik, the decision is clear: treat 31 March as the single national peak and book travel around it, or keep two dates open and pay for the uncertainty in higher fares and missed leave.
Frequently Asked Questions
How is the date of Hari Raya Puasa determined?
Indonesia uses two approaches: hisab (astronomical calculation) and rukyat (moon sighting). The government combines both in a sidang isbat led by the Ministry of Religious Affairs (Kontan daily), while Muhammadiyah relies on hisab alone (Detik news).
What is the difference between Idul Fitri and Lebaran?
There is no practical difference. Idul Fitri is the Arabic term for the holiday, and Lebaran is the everyday Indonesian name for the same celebration. Both refer to 1 Syawal.
Why do Muslims fast during Ramadan?
Fasting during Ramadan is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. Muslims abstain from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn to sunset for the entire month, ending with the celebration of 1 Syawal.
What activities are commonly done on Hari Raya?
The day typically starts with the Eid prayer, followed by zakat fitrah (charity given before the prayer), family visits, festive meals, and the sharing of food and gifts. In Indonesia, mudik — the journey back to one’s hometown — is a major part of the holiday period.
What is the significance of 1 Syawal?
1 Syawal marks the end of Ramadan and the first day of the Islamic month of Shawwal. It is the only day of the year when fasting is explicitly prohibited for the festival of Eid al-Fitr.
Why do Muhammadiyah and the government sometimes have different dates?
The two use different methods. Muhammadiyah relies purely on hisab, which gives a predictable, calculation-based date. The government requires the isbat hearing, which considers moon-sighting reports; if the hilal is not visible, the official date can shift by a day (Detik news). In 2025, both methods produced 31 March (Detik news).
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